Jews and Christians Essay Example for Free

Jews and Christians Essay Islam is a monotheistic religion dependent on the lessons of Muhammad, a seventh century Arab strict and political figure. It is the second-biggest religion on the planet today, with an expected 1. 4 billion followers, known as Muslims. Islam is viewed as one of the second biggest religions in Europe today particularly in France and the United Kingdom. In locales like the Middle East, North Africa, south and focal Asia, Islam is the prevailing religion. The center conviction of Muslims is that God uncovered himself to all humanity through his Prophet Muhammad, and he gave his blessed book, the Qur’an which encapsulates the message, lessons and customs of the Sunnah which is considered as the essential wellsprings of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad is viewed by Muslims as the valid and last prophet of God. Islam, similar to Judaism and Christianity is additionally an Abrahamic religion. Muslims conviction that God uncovered his last message to Muhammad through the holy messenger Gabriel, and that message is reality of salvation and will remain constant until the day an of restoration, that the sacred Qur’an is the dependable expression of God and has the seal of the prophets. Muslims conviction that the center message of Islam, which is the love of one God, is a similar message lectured by the all emissaries that God has sent before Muhammad. Muslims likewise conviction that the happening to Muhammad was simply the store in God’s disclosure to humankind, the finish of the considerable number of messages of one God which has been lectured since the hour of Adam. Muslims consider their to be as the first and the last message of God to humanity, and consider Christianity to be Judaism as a contortion of the first disclosure of God to Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad. There are a few similitudes that go through these three religions. Topographically, they all appear to have their birthplaces in the Middle East. They all make a case for the most conspicuous strict figures the world has ever known I. e. .Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Moses, as their ancestors. The Qur’an even recognizes Jesus Christ as a significant prophet who strolled the substance of this world and had an unmistakable information on God. Islam recognizes the professionals of Christianity and Judaism as the individuals of the letter, or, in other words that they are individuals who have gotten divine sacred texts. All these not withstanding, Muslims accept that the last and honest disclosure of God and the correct method of love got through the blessed prophet Muhammad. Muslims accept that Islam is the correct method of love, of looking for God and of achieving salvation and subsequently they should try to win more people groups unto the Allah. Like the Jews, who saw a non Israelite as a gentile, any one other non-Muslim is a heathen. They additionally conviction that Allah acknowledges it particularly when you kick the bucket a brutal demise protecting the confidence of Islam and that naturally concedes you effortlessness favor and salvation before the master, Infact, you go directly to paradise which is a definitive prize of serving God here on earth similarly as Christians accept. Taking everything into account, Islam considers itself to be better than Christianity and Judaism since they accept it’s the complete disclosure of God of himself unto humankind.

Exam paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Test paper - Essay Example In such manner, the 30,000 inhabitants of the rural area will frame some portion of the customers base, and more throughout the late spring when most understudies of UD won't be in meeting. For sure, Mike has proof that deals are higher throughout the late spring. Hence, the occupant of this rural area ought to likewise be a piece of the underlying promoting procedure. Moreover, the establishment ought to create future showcasing plans with an expectation of guaranteeing that they made client dependability with the Delawareans living in this suburb. As a result, Mike will have clients in his Scoop Shop throughout the entire year. The territory where the establishment intends to find its tasks is experiencing advancements and changes. For this situation, the establishment will have a couple of contenders at the early on stage. Be that as it may, Mike’s shop will offer a greater number of items than those offered by these contenders, which makes his items separated. For this sit uation, a showcasing technique that the establishment will structure from the outset must target publicizing these separated items and making a feeling that clients will encounter more an incentive for their cash. Also, the procedure must continue an incentive to guarantee that the establishment had a drawn out manageability advantage because of expected future immediate and backhanded rivalry. Essentially, the showcasing procedure should target making a client base that was steadfast and making it trying for new contenders to wander into a similar market. The establishment has set its excellent opening for the long periods of February, March, and April. During the period of April, Ben and Jerry will hold the Free Cone Day, which is the main advancement it has ordered. During the planning of the showcasing system, Mike should exploit this day and guarantee that the stupendous opening finished with this day. Up and down, the establishment should extend itself as an association that w orked in a natural and socially cognizant methodology, which goes inseparably with the hippy picture of Ben and Jerry. The establishment can possibly develop because of the open door it offers as far as providing food administrations. In spite of the fact that this isn't in Mike’s prompt plans, it would be significant for Mike to dispatch the providing food administrations during the advancement time frame so he can begin procuring a client base for this administration. In such manner, Mike will build up the administration in the underlying dispatch, which will be less expensive than propelling it later. Qn. 2 Statement of the Franchise’s Objectives Mike’s establishment is getting into a blend of existing and new market. Subsequently, his goal in the initial a half year of business should target augmenting the piece of the overall industry for his establishment, which he should catch from the current immediate and circuitous contenders. In accordance with this, it is apparent that the franchise’s target populace knows about the items that Mike means to acquaint with the current market. In such manner, 70% of an arbitrary example of grown-ups in the US between the age of 18 and 64 years of age knew about the frozen yogurt sold by Ben and Jerry. Then again, Mike’s other goal in the initial a half year ought not be an income arranged one since he is carrying separated items into the market. For this situation, he has hot refreshments, which a large portion of his potential clients don't know that a Scoop Shop sells. Thus, the establishment sh

Economics Terminology

Economics Terminology Economics Terminology Home›Economics Posts›Economics Terminology Economics PostsEvery economy goes through a business cycle (a graph that shows short-term ups and downs in the economy); it includes movement from a trough, through expansion, it gets to the peak (which is the highest point of the cycle), to recession, down into the trough again and the cycle continues.Recessions are periods during which the aggregate output declines and it qualifies as a recession if the economic downturn occurs in two consecutive quarters. If a recession is prolonged it is referred to as a depression, for example, one that was experienced in the U.S in 1930s. Economists tend to appreciate what is done by recession because, it tends to help the economy to shed unproductive resources paving way for recovery and future economic growth.The period from the bottom of a trough to the peak is a boom or expansion; this is the period that the economy is doing well as per output and employment. On the other hand, the period from the peak to a trough where the output and employment falls is a contraction, recession or slump.When the business cycle is experiencing an expansion it seems to encourage inflation; this is an increase in the overall price level, and the opposite is deflation, which is an overall decrease in prices. It is measured by looking at a large number of goods and services and calculating the average increase in prices. In most of the situations, where inflation occurs, it is accompanied by a fall in output or the economy is told to be experiencing both a contraction and inflation, which leads to a situation referred to as stagflation. Stagflation is possibly caused by an increase in costs of production, which in most cases leads to the low-output levels.

Athens and Sparta Comparison - 1307 Words

Athens and Sparta Athens and Sparta were the two largest Greek city-states of the Ancient world. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. They are sharply contrasting yet strikingly similar, setting the stage for the Peloponnesian War. Their differences were the effect of geographical isolation but they began with the same base of ideas on which to build. The Peloponnesian War was between the two over Sparta s fear of Athens growth of power, and especially the Megarian Decree, an Athenian economic sanction against the Spartan ally Megara. This sanction against the state would prove disastrous for†¦show more content†¦Spartan society itself changed after its transition tot a military state. The center of Spartan life was the military and the polis. Children were systematically determined at birth whether they were weak or strong and left to die of exposu re if deemed unfit to serve the state s army. This had been performed before in Greece, but the state institutionalized it and made it a common practice. At the age of seven the Spartan male was sent to military and athletic school. There they were taught survival skills, endurance of pain, discipline, and toughness. This continued for 13 years when the Spartan was 20 and became a soldier. A soldier would live in his barracks with fellow soldiers, eat with his fellow soldiers, fight with his fellow soldiers and even die with them. The life of a Spartan male was one of simplicity, discipline, and self-denial. The Spartan ideology was state oriented, the life of a male was designed to serve the state from birth to the age of 60. This ideology, the rigorous military training, and the disciplined maintenance of the Spartan armies gave the polis a stability that was threatened by the Messenian revolt. This stability was seen in the government of the Spartans, which was composed of a dual monarchy at the top with two kings and 28 nobles. This council debated over issues and set legislative and foreign policy. All of the Spartan malesShow MoreRelatedComparison Between Athens And Sparta996 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Athens and Sparta were two city states in Ancient Greece. These city states worked to build a successful nation of freedom from outside rulers, in hopes of being a well-functioning society. The two city states had varied approaches in their desire for successful governments. Athens held a more democratic approach to government while Sparta held a monarchical or dictatorship government. How did people in Athens and Sparta obtain the right to participate in public life and make decisionsRead MoreComparison of Men and Women of Athens and Sparta2038 Words   |  9 PagesComparison of men and women in Athens amp; Sparta When comparing power levels and women’s rights, Sparta was a leader in its time. Athens and Sparta, though both Greek city-states were different in the way they operated. More specifically, Sparta was different in the way that they treated their women. Athenian woman were treated quite appallingly compared to the standards of today’s women. The stem of this difference seems to lie in how these two city-states were governed. Sparta, known forRead MoreComparison of the Greek City States- Athens and Sparta795 Words   |  3 PagesGreece was controlled by two main powers; Athens and Sparta. These city-states were very different. Sparta was known for their strength, discipline, individuality, beauty, sports, and learning (Beck et al. 131). Athens was known for education, fitness, art, literature, and wealth. Not to overlook the rights of women, which were a little elevated in Sparta, the city that had an overall greater respect for human rights, would be Athens. One reason why Athens had a greater respect for human rights isRead MoreAthens And Spart Greek City State That Comprised Of Complex And Multifaceted Institutions1625 Words   |  7 PagesClassical Sparta was a Greek city-state that comprised of complex and multifaceted institutions. Labelled by Xenophon as â€Å"most powerful and most celebrated†, contemporary historians have been drawn to question and assess whether these ‘powerful’ institutions were unique to Sparta (Xen. Con. 1.1). Upon evaluating ancient sources in relation to these historical considerations, it became apparent that the focuses and construct of Sparta’s institutions widely differed to institutions demonstrated inRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Athens Vs. Sparta Throughout the ancient world there were two dominating empires. (S) The Athenian City (polis) and the Spartan empire. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. However, the city of Athens was by far a much more influential and powerful city-state in comparison to Sparta. Although both the city-states had their own strengths such as their government, social structure and their military tactics, Athens was a pivotal city that still to this dayRead MoreAthens vs. Sparta1146 Words   |  5 PagesDanielle Palawasta Athens vs. Sparta Persuasive Research Paper Henry/Lih- LA/SS- Per. 3/7 Due: 3/22/13 Envision a world where the people are ravenous and yearning for any remnant of food they could obtain, where the society is overrun and no one has a free say. This is the type of society the ancient Spartans would have lived like unlike the ancient Athenians. The Athenians lived a far more diverse life if compared to Sparta. Ancient Athens was better to live in than ancient Sparta due to its efficientRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Sparta And Athens748 Words   |  3 PagesIt was said the hostility between Sparta and Athens began high anticipation towards the nearly inevitable battle of these city-states, thus it began with the declaration of war with Sparta in 431 B.C.. Subsequent to ten years of the Peloponnesian War, the two populations decided upon a truce. However, the peace did not survive long, for in 415 B.C., the Athenians decided to attack a major Sparta ally; their plan was to demolish the city-state of Syracuse. This scheme resulted in a harsh loss takenRea d MoreThe City Of Sparta And Athens1750 Words   |  7 Pagescity of Ancient Sparta did not have wall. Its walls were its strong warriors, young men equip with spears and shields. This radically unique city was unparalleled compared to cities in its time and present day. The ideals related to the equality males and females were some of the most unique aspects of Sparta. Women had power and responsibility in their own right. Its strict militaristic mentality was the backbone of its well-run city which was unlike the city of ancient Athens. Athens was dynamic andRead MoreSlavery in Sparta vs. Slavery in Athens Essay1563 Words   |  7 Pagesconditions in Ancient Athenian society were far better than those in Sparta. The definition of the word slavery encompasses a vast array of connotations, meanings, and values; in order understand slavery conditions in Athens and Sparta, it is important to decipher exactly what the word both means and implies. For all intents and purposes, in this essay the word slavery will refer to the non-citizen people of both Athens and Sparta who are enslaved by either the state or an individual person, dependingRead MorePeloponnesian War Strategies Essay1427 Words   |  6 PagesPeloponnesian War Strategies Just before the Peloponnesian War began, Pericles of Athens and King Archidamus of Sparta provided net assessments of the comparative strengths and weaknesses of the two sides. Evaluate their projections. A study of the strategies and projections of King Archidamus of Sparta as compared to those of Pericles of Athens reveal Archidamus understanding of the superiority of land power as a basis for success at sea in the ancient Mediterranean - as well as

Promoting a Skillful, Safe Cockpit Essay - 1235 Words

On a cold February evening in 2009 two years ago, just outside the city of Buffalo, New York, two pilots crashed a new aircraft on final approach to land into Buffalo Niagara International Airport. In an effort to prevent an accident of a similar nature from happening, the U.S. Congress passed H.R. 5900 the ‘Airline Safety and Federal Aviation Administration Extension Act.’ This bill under Title II was aimed to enhance airline safety and in part prevent an accident of this nature from occurring again (U.S. House 2010, 3). Section 217 of bill pushes the minimum hours required to act as a pilot on a regional carrier up to 1500 total flight hours as well as requires those persons to do an extensive Air Transport Pilots examination. Although†¦show more content†¦Asia’s economy is booming and this boom has resulted in the growth of many startup carriers that offer tax-free salaries and free housing. The requirement to fly in Asia is a lot lower than 1,500 and the planes the pilots get to fly are a lot larger, certainly this is a very attractive opportunity. The potential migration would cause many airlines to have planes but no one qualified to fly them. Also, with the growing economy more people would have enough money to fly instead of drive. Therefore, more positions would be available for entry level pilots. In addition, the cost to become a pilot is already expensive causing low interest; this law would just make it even worse. By calculation, if a potential pilot were to start today he would be probably facing a debt of between $50,000 and $80,000 just to receive the flight training required to gain 250 hours. (ibtimes) Added to this is the cost of attending a college with an accredited program. Potential pilots could be looking at paying well over $200,000 in loans to be able to fly. Before pilots were somewhat assured that once they work hard and pass through all the training received from college and flight school they would be able to become a pilot with one of the regional carriers and make a small salary until theShow MoreRelatedThe Aviation Safety And How Communication1433 Words   |  6 Pagescoordination for the cockpit to cabin crew to the air controllers on the ground. Communication-related issues have led to many accidents across the word. Such accidents are tabled by NASA ’s Aviation Safety Reporting System (Krivonos, 2007). The accidents include the tragic American Airlines crash in Columbia in 1995 and the Avianca crash in Jamaica Bay near JFK. It is true to say that communication cannot overcome the technical difficulties in the aviation industry, but effective and skillful communicationRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesRelationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence Motivating Others Managing Conflict Group Skills 8. Empowering and Delegating 9. Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 10. Leading Positive Change Consistent with our focus on promoting effective management practice, the material in these chapters provides guidance for a variety of contemporary management challenges, including: â€Å"How can I help others accept new goals, new ideas, new approaches?† â€Å"How can I invigorate those who feelRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesafter 1990) did not stop the multiplication of migration controls, the proliferation of identity documents, and ever more complex laws to sift and select the optimal migrant. In this sense, neoliberalism has proved to be more â€Å"quasi† than â€Å"neo,† promoting the free movement of goods, capital, technologies, information, and culture, but not of people. At the most brutal level, the consolidation of borders and purification of   national spaces has produced millions of refugees as one of the defining

The Grotesque Pursue Of Goodness - 2189 Words

Elena Quesada Pereda Professor Marcos Norris ENGL 290 5 May 2016 The Grotesque Pursue of Goodness in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor â€Å"The great advantage of being a Southern writer is that we don’t have to go anywhere to look for manners; bad or good, we’ve got them in abundance. We in the South live in a society that is rich in contradiction, rich in irony, rich in contrast, and particularly rich in its speech† (Flannery O’Connor). Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in 1925 in a Catholic family in the south of the United States, particularly in Savannah (Georgia). Her Catholic inheritance influenced her writing, in such a way that the characters of her stories, which are physically and morally perverted, walk towards a theological revelation that release them from that moral and physical decadence –specially those of the story that is analyzed in this paper, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find,† where the main characters only discover their goodness when they face death–. But far from going into existentialist digressions, her short stories are depictions of the daily life, where the reader can learn something to apply in his life. Sometimes the stories are inspired in the coarse reading of a newspaper, sometimes they seem to be a hopscotch drawn by a boy, who in his simplicity, hides the concerns of a society that is decadent and lacking in values, according to O’Connor, as stated in the initial quote. Flannery O’Connor was stuck to the past, shy and for most partShow MoreRelated The Whipping=evaluation=1200 W Essay examples1091 Words   |  5 Pageshappening again and whoever the narrator is, he is not surprised or alarmed that this is happening. The last two lines of the stanza describe the mother very well. She is shouting to the neighborhood/ her goodness and his wrongs; (3-4). Its as if she feels that by yelling her sons faults and her goodness, she is trying to justify her own wrongfulness of beating her son. She chose to shout, so that everyone would hear, almost as if she was confessing her sins. She seems to be making a show, a productionRead More The American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1134 Words   |  5 PagesGatsby as he pursues his love, Mrs. Daisy Buchanan. Through the narrative of the gentle and levelheaded Nick, we learn to love Gatsby and to loathe those who cause his downfall. ? Gatsby turned out all right in the end; it is what preyed Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-winded elation?s of men? (Chapter 1, pg.6-7). Yet, through many understated, despicable acts, there is a light of goodness and hope: GatsbyRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1434 Words   |  6 PagesDoubleness in gothic literature often explores the duality of humanity. It asks whether there was inherent goodness and evil within a person. In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Robert Louis Stevenson engages with the idea of an individual being comprised of two separate entities—a double in one body—the evil Mr. Hyde and the good Dr. Jekyll. This split person of Jekyll and Hyde talks back to the optimistic ideas about humanity, such as Ralph Waldo Emerson. He writes in his address â€Å"TheRead MoreThe American Of The War On Germany1617 Words   |  7 P agesUnited States must consider the sacred and indisputable rules of international law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity, the Government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion that there is but one course it can pursue.† â€Å"-but [it added] neutrals cannot expect that Germany, forced to fight for her existence, shall, for the sake of neutral interest, restrict the use of an effective weapon if her enemy is permitted to continue to apply at will methods of warfareRead More Bitterness, Weariness and Impotence in Hardys Tess of the dUbervilles2873 Words   |  12 Pagesand he was so godlike in her eyes; and being, though untrained, instinctively refined, her nature cried for his tutelary guidance (p. 178). Indeed, Angels tragic flaw is his hypocrisy, yet Tess doesnt look at all the facts. He was all that goodness could be   knew all tht a guide, philosopher, and friend should know. She thought every line in the contour of his person the perfection of masculine beauty, his soul the soul of a saint, his intellect that of a seerÃ…  as if she saw something immortalRead More The Basic Elements of Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice4010 Words   |  17 Pageseven though he is envied for his go od looks and wealth. Elizabeth takes a particular disliking to him for his haughty rudeness when he initially says that he is not interested in her at the ball. When she learns that he has advised Bingley not to pursue a relationship with Jane, she is further incensed at the man. It is not surprising, therefore, that when Darcy proposes to Elizabeth, he is turned down, especially since his offer was made in a haughty and condescending manner. ElizabethÂ’s refusal

”Paradise of the Blind” by Duong Thu Huong Essay Sample free essay sample

In the novel. Eden of the Blind. written by Duong Thu Huong originally in Vietnamese and translated into English by Phan Huy Duong and Nina Mcpherson. the writer constructs characters Aunt Tam and Uncle Chinh as parallels of conflicting political political orientations of twentieth century Vietnam in order to expose her sentiments on its effectivity in achieving announced Eden. The characters are constructed to otherwise show the author’s voice towards radical political orientations. Uncle Chinh stand foring the Communist political orientation. and Aunt Tam stand foring the capitalist political orientations. Uncle Chinh. within the novel. has been classified as an prototype of communism. and chiefly constructed as a important figure with an counter nature. â€Å"He was intoxicated with himself. His satisfaction was that of a crawling parasitic vine. † ( Hang. page 26 ) . Duong demonstrates her sentiment towards Uncle Chinh’s power lecherousness through the enunciation within the phrase â€Å"intoxicated† and â€Å"parasitic vine† . supplying her unfavorable judgment towards his nature. His part towards the Communist political orientations reasoned with its possible to promote him towards a higher place in the party. which was probationary towards his characterised greedy nature. The lip service within the executing of the Communist political orientation could be represented within Uncle Chinh’s actions of greed and power lecherousness within the drama. which defies the moneyless and egalitarian motion of communism. Manipulation of Que. Uncle Chinh’s kin sister within the novel represented his power lecherousness. â€Å"You realise that you’re undermining my authorization. † ( Chinh. page 32 ) . In order to stand for the lip service of Uncle Chinh. the writer had utilised the relationship between Uncle Chinh and his sister. Que. to be correspondent to the relationship of authorization and the provincial in the Vietnamese communist environment of the twentieth century. Uncle Chinh’s self-asserting tone of address was a technique used by the writer to stand for his extent of laterality over Que. as an instability of power. building a hierarchal relationship. The author’s usage of enunciation in the phrase. â€Å"my authority† represented Uncle Chinh’s thirst for power and through the word â€Å"my† intimations place an accent on Uncle Chinh’s selfish considerations towards the intended audience. Uncle Chinh was portrayed to be more concerned of his ain repute and authorization than the wellbeing of his sister. which symbolises assignment of weak authorization figures. Uncle Chinh. was an parallel for the appointed authorization figure in Vietnam that came into power in the rebelliousness against their ain parties’ involvement. implementing the Communist ways. The repression of Que. whom represented the peasantry for Uncle Chinh’s ain selfish desires and finally take to Que’s vulnerable province. as she concludes with loss of limb. The writer constructs the event of the loss of limb is symbolic within the novel in portraying the consequence of communist political orientations of the peasantry. that it had stripped them off from their house place within the society. and in bend. created disablement within their lives. The writer has characterised Uncle Chinh to stand for the longing for a Eden through communism. â€Å"They don’t know what Eden is made of. allow alone how to acquire there†¦ they are their ain calamity. ours every bit good. † ( Traveling Companion. page 225 ) . Duong. through the travelling comrade. gave her sentiment on the ground on the ground behind Uncle Chinh’s failure in sequence in the Communist party. which could be translated as her symbolic significance behind the ground for t he existent failure of the Communist political orientation in the Vietnamese civilization. â€Å"Heaven† within the quotation mark is a representation of the supposed hereafter of communism. has similar significances with the word â€Å"Paradise† within the rubric of the novel. Eden of the Blind. nevertheless â€Å"tragedy† within the quotation mark represented the consequence of communist deductions. The writer has used the apposition to stand for the disillusioned consequence of a successful employment of communism. Eden. to the world of communism. calamity. the consequence of failure in the employment of communism. Duong besides provides her sentiment about the capitalist political orientations through the word picture of Aunt Tam. In contrast to Uncle Chinh. Aunt Tam was constructed as a character with protagonist nature. â€Å"Aunt Tam was beautiful. Few adult females could tout such all right characteristics. † ( Hang. page 250 ) Aunt Tam was conveyed by the writer as a metaphor of beauty and was represented by the writer to be an illustration in the successes in accomplishing the capitalistic end of wealth. The accent on the word â€Å"few† could be placed as the thought that success in capitalist economy belonged with a minority and suggests impracticality of the capitalistic ideals. The neglect for capitalist ideals by twentieth century Vietnam nevertheless has been constructed by the writer throughout the novel. The consequence on the peasantry had been constructed by Duong in relation to the character Que. Within the book. the close paternal relationship of Que and Hang had deteriorated since the beginning of her relationship with Aunt Tam. â€Å"Because Aunt Tam had taken me under her protection†¦a sort of indifference had slipped into our relationship. † ( Hang. page 136 ) . The writer has inserted tragic tone of voice used to show the strain in Hang and Que’s as Hang’s relationship with Aunt Tam strengthened. this was correspondent towards Vietnamese misanthropic attitudes towards the chase of capitalist economy. The auctorial purpose was to negatively commentate on the inactive beliefs of Vietnamese citizens towards other political orientations such as capitalist economy. â€Å"I didn’t know why. but there was something sinister about all this finery. like throwing flower petals on an abandoned grave† ( page 88. Hang ) . The writer uses simile to stand for her position on philistinism. as Hang describes the experience of having munificent gol d earrings from her Aunt Tam as being â€Å"sinister† . The writer topographic points negative intensions on the aureate earrings to stand for one of the cons in prosecuting capitalist economy. as an over accent on greed and mercenary points. The writer uses Aunt Tam to stand for besides the consequences of capitalist successes. â€Å"In fact to populate like you do is truly happiness. The whole small town dreams of holding these†¦calm peaceable yearss far from all the sound and rage. † ( Page 152. Vice President Duong ) Juxtaposing the wretchedness imposed upon most peasantry in the twentieth century whom glorified the Communist political orientations. the capitalist. Aunt Tam. had received the most successes in supplying herself stableness and populating the â€Å"dreams† of the villagers by. Duong had constructed the sarcasm in the differing successes of capitalist and communist political orientations to inform the reader of the possible to suggest the ground to their wretchedness as the trust towards the Communist political orientation. She prompts the readers to chew over upon facets in the capitalist political orientations that might advance their longing for felicity. â€Å"†¦this adult fem ale. this solitariness. this retardation. was all one. † ( Page 143. Hang ) . The writer uses the repeat of â€Å"this† create an accent towards the readers to the observations of Aunt Tam. as she throughout the novel showed elusive marks of solitariness. The writer uses contrast in Aunt Tam’s life between the reading of the villagers and the reading of Hang to stand for the pretentious felicity seen as the success of capitalist economy ; the accretion of wealth. and inquiries the ability for philistinism to supply felicity. Duong has throughout the novel contrasted the readings of radical Communist and capitalist ideals in twentieth century Vietnam. Uncle Chinh. represented failures of communism through failed assignment of leading. â€Å"They’re merely a clump of illusionists† ( page 215. Bohemian ) . The writer had used the description of visionary to depict Uncle Chinh within the novel to stand for the disenchantment of the successes of communism in. She provides her review on the infeasibility within the political orientation to be due to human nature of imperialism that will take to unequal enforcement of the altruistic communist environment. In contrast. capitalistic political orientations had been observed as a more positive input of political orientation as Aunt Tam was given protagonist nature. However. the cons of radical capitalist economy might be due to its impracticality due to restrictions of human abilities. and could merely fulfill and win for some but non all. â€Å"Desires locked in the secret embracing of an old trunk† ( Hang. page 254 ) In the chase of capitalist ideals. the writer reinforces the thought that one may hold let travel of their desire because of their compulsion with wealth. and that a con of capitalist economy is the sacrificial of felicity one has to do. Duong Thu Huong. in the fresh Paradise of the Blind had outlined the failures of implementing radical political orientations in twentieth century Vietnam. Duong later outlines negative facets of communism and capitalist economy. hence proposing her sentiment on the failures in over conformance of political orientations which will ever take to a lecherousness for a created Eden. displayed in the character. Uncle Chinh. The writer besides believes that even when the proclaimed â€Å"paradis e† is attained by compulsively conforming to political orientations. it will reason with dissatisfaction if personal desires are disregarded. In decision. Duong provides the reader with her belief that political orientations have to be made to suit individualistic nature. non all can conform to the formal capitalistic and communist political orientations.

Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine The Bomb That Never Exploded

The world history of the twentieth century after the Second World War was by large dominated by the relationships that formed as a result of the opposition between the United States of America and the USSR.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two mega-powers were struggling for global influence, and since they possessed completely antipodal views on what the ideal state should be like, this confrontation shaped into the so-called Cold War. Among the main features of this bloodless war was arms race that involved a harsh competition, inter alia, in the sphere of nuclear weapons. The post-war United States could boast a yet unsurpassed advantage over the military arsenal of any other country: their main strategic weapon was the atomic bomb, which became an almost legendary symbol of the US power. The attitude to the atomic bomb and its role in the Cold War sufficiently changed with the course of time, and this change is reflected, in particular, in the coverage of Cold War events by the US Life magazine. The atomic bomb explosions on Hiroshima and Nagasaki allowed the USA to demonstrate an unprecedented military might and to declare their ambition of global control by means of atomic weapon. The devastating power of the latter allowed the US military authorities to build ambitious strategies involving the use of atomic bomb as a nuclear deterrent and annihilator of the enemy. Provided that the US atmosphere was strained in the expectance of the enemy strokes and acknowledgement of the â€Å"ever-returning concept of war†[1], atomic bomb was an impressive weapon of intimidation. Inspired by the immense destructive force of the atomic bomb, military officials built ambitious hostility strategies that were characterized as â€Å"military profitable† due to the involvement of the atomic bomb[2]. But despite this confidence in the offensive qualities of the atomic bomb, strategists remarked on the necessity for updating the military fleet for more efficient bomb application[3]. As the communistic regime took over Hungary, the US military recognized the increasing speed of the threatening danger and emphasized the importance of not only creating new superfast and light aircrafts for carrying the atomic bomb, but also adapting the US building styles and relocating industrial so that the devastating effects of the possible USSR attack were minimized[4].Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The anti-soviet attitudes grew with the news of the coup-d’à ©tat in Czechoslovakia, when the United States realized that â€Å"the remote threat of the atomic bomb was no match for Red guns and tanks on the borders† and that Communism was an obviously uncooperative reg ime[5]. Americans realized that power was in their hands as long as they kept the monopoly on the atomic bomb which is the only device for balancing the Russian military weight in Europe[6]. The feeling of insecurity grew, as the United States realized that the chances of involving into a war were growing with every day[7]. After the Soviets surpassed the expectations of the US military and detonated their own bomb in 1949 instead of working on it till the predicted mid-1950s, the understanding of the non-absolute character of the atomic bomb came[8]. Doubt in the exclusive efficiency of the atomic bomb in fighting the enemy appeared in a discussion on what exactly constitutes success in fighting the Russians. Analyzing the course of the World War II, American experts on psychological warfare remarked that â€Å"as Hitler’s reliance on physical force let him to scorn the help of the Soviet people, reliance on the atomic bomb could lead us into comparable folly[9].† Pan ic was slowly but steadily spreading over the American population which could not avoid worrying about the atomic war threat since information on it was literally everywhere: in February 1950, Life dedicated a whole issue to discussion of the atomic bomb under a motto that no compromise could be reached with the communists and that war was inevitable[10]. Psychologists connected the reaction to the possible atomic war with the US baby boom of the late 1940s: â€Å"The war psychology must have changed our values, and the Cold War and atomic bomb have brought on a revival of the will to survive[11].† In the atmosphere of society experiencing great psychological stress of the atomic threat, cardinal changes also occurred in the specialists’ attitudes. More openly than ever, scientists voiced their opposition to further development of the mass-destruction bombs[12]. In their letters to the editors of life, representatives of Research Institute of America call to common sen se and express harsh criticism of the atomic defense plan in terms of general humanity principles[13]. Atomic bomb and weapon in general was no longer regarded as the best way to work out the contemporary geopolitical problems, since considering the huge military potential of both hostile mega-powers any serious warfare with them could lead to catastrophic consequences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the one hand, appeals were published in the press to revise the approach to warfare and stop putting the whole responsibility for military success or failure on scientific achievements[14]. On the other hand, claims were made to review the application of atomic energy for not military but peaceful use since â€Å"all the heads of the state including even the Russians [were] pulling back from atomic abyss[15] .† The press coverage of the Cold War events appears to have been quite sensitive to the changing role of the atomic bomb in the nuclear arms race. Positioning the Russians as a thoroughly uncompromising enemy to be fought at any rate, the Life magazine nevertheless demonstrates a significant shift in the attitude to the atomic bomb function. First envisaged as a crucial and universal weapon, the atomic bomb gradually loses its positions as the Russians acquire a bomb of their own and the world realizes the possible catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war. References The atomic bomb. (1950, February 27). Life, 28(9), 91–100. Bullitt, William S. (1948, August 30). How we won the war and lost the peace. Life, 25(9), 83–86. Bush, Vannevar. (1949, November 14). Scientific weapons and a future war. Life, 27(20), 112–130. Carroll, Wallace. (1949, December 19). It takes a Russian to beat a Russian. Life, 27(25), 80–88. Hyland, T. S. (1949, December 26). The fruitful mountains. Life, 27(26), 60–67.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Letters to the editors: Atomic defense plan. (1951, January 8). Life, 30(2), 4. Murphy, Charles J. V. (1947, January 20). The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy. Life, 22(3), 61–62. The nature of the enemy. (1950, February 27). Life, 28(9), 30–31. Spaatz, Carl. (1948, July 5). If we should have to fight again. Life, 25(1), 34–44. Spaatz, Carl. (1948, August 16). Phase II Air War. Life, 25(7), 90–104. Strauss, Lewis L. (1950, July 24). Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed. Life, 29(4), 81–90. US foreign policy takes a licking. (1948, March 8). Life, 24(10), 27–30. The US surveys its weak defense. (1947, June 16). Life, 22(24), 27–33. Wallace, Henry. (1956, May 14). Henry Wallace tells of his political odyssey. Life, 40(20), 174–190. Footnotes Charles J. V. Murphy, â€Å"The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy,† Life (January 20, 1947), pp. 61–62. Ibid. Charles J. V. Murphy, â₠¬Å"The Polar concept: It is revolutionizing American strategy,† Life (January 20, 1947), pp. 61–62. â€Å"The US surveys its weak defense,† Life (June 16, 1947), pp. 27–33. â€Å"US foreign policy takes a licking,† Life (March 8, 1948), pp. 27–30. Carl Spaatz, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (August 16, 1948), pp. 81–90; Carl Spaatz, â€Å"Phase II Air War,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 90–104. William S. Bullitt, â€Å"How we won the war and lost the peace,† Life (August 30, 1948), pp. 83–86. Vannevar Bush, â€Å"Scientific weapons and a future war,† Life (November 14, 1949), pp. 112–130. Wallace Carroll, â€Å"It takes a Russian to beat a Russian,† Life (December 19, 1949), pp. 80–88. â€Å"The atomic bomb,† Life (February 27, 1950), pp. 91–100. T. S. Hyland, â€Å"The fruitful mountains,† Life (December 26, 1949), pp. 60–67. Lewis L Strauss, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 81–90. â€Å"Letters to the editors: Atomic defense plan,† Life (January 8, 1951), p. 4. Lewis L Strauss, â€Å"Some A-bomb fallacies are exposed,† Life (July 24, 1950), pp. 81–90. Henry Wallace, â€Å"Henry Wallace tells of his political odyssey,† Life (May 14, 1956), pp. 174–190. This essay on Coverage of the Cold War in Life Magazine: The Bomb That Never Exploded was written and submitted by user Michaela N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cancer Prevention and Treatments essays

Cancer Prevention and Treatments essays Mitosis and cancer are closely related in that without the process of mitosis, cancer would not exist. Mitosis is a form of cell division in which one cell becomes two. Our bodies are made up of cells and each cell contains genes that determine how our cells grow, function and die. Since mitosis is the process in which our cells replicate themselves and make copies of it's own DNA, cancers can be caused by mutations that occur during this process. Once this occurs, these new mutated cells do not act like "normal" cells and can multiply as long as they have a regular food and oxygen supply. (1) A recent drug used in the treatment of colon cancer is Avastin, also known as Bevacizumab. Avastin is administered by injection and is an antiangiogenic agent, which works by essentially starving the tumor or cancer cells. This drug stops the formation of blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to tumors, therefore possibly slowing their growth. Avastin has a long list of side effects including fainting, loss of appetite, heartburn, weight loss and dry mouth. Many of these side effects are common and seen with other drugs used in cancer treatment. However, some potentially life-threatening side effects are the potential development of holes in the wall of your stomach or intestine, the slow healing of wounds, stroke, heart problems, and kidney issues.(2). While I have mixed feelings about this treatment, I am sure that these potential side effects are typical of most cancer treatment plans. I think it's important to continue the testing of these drugs and that as long as a pe rson is made fully aware of the potential side effects it should be left up to the individual and his or her doctor. As with any medication, most benefits outweigh the potentially negative side effects. There are a number of lifestyle changes that can be made to help prevent cancer such as avoiding alcohol, tobacco, practicing sun safety, eating right and exercis...

Should football managers be sacked when results (on the field) are Essay - 1

Should football managers be sacked when results (on the field) are poor What does your answer tell you about how we should - Essay Example The models influence two different leadership succession theories that will come in handy in the discussion of the subject matter. The two leadership succession theories are vicious cycle theory and common sense theory. The two theories give different relationship of leadership succession and performance of the organization thereby providing the basis for and sacking unsuccessful managers. The integration provides great context to explain the effect of leadership succession. The common sense theory holds that the performance of an organisation will improve when an organization sacks an unsuccessful leader. This indicates that the managers are hired to control the performance of a firm and hence are responsible for good performance. According to the resource dependence theory, the manager has control over the performance of the organisation since he has the ability to start or terminate actions at his discretion. The managers bring on board resources, information and legitimacy. This results if the organization sacks a manager with poor results and hires one with the right mix of resources, the performance will improve. This therefore roots for the sacking of the manager since he is to blame for the organization’s poor performance and hire a manager who has the right mix of resources to spur good performance in the subsequent time period. This thus provides the basis for sacking unsuccessful managers (Soebbing & Washington 2011). The other leadership succession theory is the vicious cycle theory, whose underlying support is organizational learning. The vicious cycle holds that succession in leadership naturally disrupts the organization leading to poor performance. Organization learning provides that for an organization to improve its performance there should be strategic renewal, which focuses on the whole organization not just the managers. The model disregards that managers are an important component, which determine how well the organization is run an d how well information diffused to the lower offices and employees. Organization learning holds that when a poorly performing leader is sacked the performance of the team becomes even poorer. This thus supports the vicious theory that poor performance in an organization leads to organizational change but lower performance is a result of change (Soebbing & Washington 2011). This paper will not use institutional theory in arguing the subject matter at hand since it supports the ritual scapegoat theory. The ritual scapegoat theory holds that there is no relationship between leadership succession in an organization and the performance of the organization. From this perspective the leader is only a symbol and does not influence the performance of the organization. This promotes that change is undertaken to promote social constructs, therefore going contrary to the main market consideration that change is undertaken in the search for performance gains. A non-performing manager should be s acked since a new manager spurs immediate short-term reprieve. Of nine studies scrutinizing six countries that included England and Spain, showed that replacing a poorly performing manager does improve the on-field performance of the club. This leads to increase in the club’s short-term performance when a new manager is appointed. The sacking is usually based

Using 3D photogrammetry to monitor a simplex tensegrity structure's Assignment

Using 3D photogrammetry to monitor a simplex tensegrity structure's deformation - Assignment Example The example dwells on a mesh reflector. The mesh reflector is extensively used for apertures space aerial systems that are large due to their light weight and are packed easily and compactly. The reflector’s radio frequency exterior comprises of a mesh with reflective faces. It is bound from interlaced thin wires that are electrically conductive. This wires are made from molybdenum that are gold plated having diameters of 0.03mm. The mesh is extended over a net of cable that is made of composite filaments that are stiff and unidirectional, glued to a structure. The reflective exterior comprises of elements that due to their flexibility can be folded with ease. The accuracy mostly lies on the cable net’s shape. There are two major conceptual designs that can be spotted. The first design is based on partition of parabolic exterior in gores that get support from radial cables or radial ribs glued to an external ring. The second design is takes into consideration a separation of surfaces in facets that are flat formed by cable net tensioned using forces that are applied at each junction node. The concept has been borrowed from Miura who developed the concept of tension truss. Many large antennas that use this concept of tension truss have been launched and tested for instance Astromesh reflector and space radio telescope. The same concept has also been studied by a man called Tibert. He used the concept in designing an antenna that was based on tensegrity structure (Tibert 2002). Tension that is fairly uniform and isotropic in a reflective mesh makes sure that there is a good conductivity of electricity and RF reflectivity. The tension of the mesh should be adequate to withhold lateral accelerations that are greater than the ones having experience in orbit with no harsh distortion of the surface of the reflector. Tensions of mesh from 5N/m have been frequently used. Higher tension often

Strategy And Structure in Organizations

Strategy And Structure in Organizations Strategy is an integrated and coordinated set of commitments actions designed to exploit core competencies gain a competitive advantage. Organization structure Organisation structure specifies the firms formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls and authority, decision making process. So organisation structure includes three components: Administrative structure: This structure signifies division of labour in the organization. This includes dividing work into tasks or roles such as operations, logistics and transportation, and training, and recombining them into administrative units, e.g., branches, departments or divisions according to mission, function, and/or region. The structure depicted in organization charts, including tables of organization and equipment is the administrative structure. Responsibility structure: This includes division of responsibility authority to individuals within the organisation. Control structure: This includes organisations system of measuring and evaluating performance on the basis of administrative structure responsibility structure. Relationship between Strategy and Structure There are two main views on the relationship between strategy and structure. According to Alfred Chandler structure follows strategy. Recent research has questioned the view that structure always follows strategy, and argued instead that strategy often follows structure. This second view, that strategy follows structure, is based on the idea that managers already working within a particular organisational structure will take the structure for granted and only consider strategies that will fit with the existing structure. Combining these two arguments we can say that Strategy structure have a reciprocal relationship. Organization structure is a critical component of effective strategy implementation process. Success of a firm depends on how well a firms business strategy is matched to its organizational structure. Developing an organization structure that effectively supports the firms strategy is difficult. For successful implementation of organization strategy, an organisation structure should have following characteristics: Structural stability This provides the firm a capacity to effectively manage its daily work routines. Structural flexibility This provides the firm an opportunity to explore competitive possibilities then allocate resources to activities that will shape the competitive advantages the firm will need to be successful in future. However strategy has a much more important influence on structure than reverse. But at the end organisation structure should provide adequate stability flexibility that is necessary for successful implementation of strategy. Strategy that a firm decides to follow will govern the decision about the organisation structure that will be suitable for the firm but once in place organization structure influences the choice about future strategies because of organizational inertia derived from organization structure that inhibits efforts to change. Evolutionary pattern of organizational structure strategy Pre-bureaucratic structures This is the simplest form of structure is usually based on traditional or charismatic dominance. Structure is totally centralised lacks standardisation of tasks. This is useful in managing simple tasks. Bureaucratic structures It has certain degree of standardisation is useful in managing slightly more complex large scale organizations. Functional structures Structure is more standardised centralised. Organisation is divided into separate functional divisions employees within a particular division perform specific functions. This type of structure is useful in firms that provide standardised goods services at low cost in high volume. Divisional structure This is also called as product structure. Organisation is divided into divisions each division has its own resources functions. Divisions can be based on geographies or products/services. Matrix structure This structure combines the features of both functional divisional structure. Defining the strategy strategy implementation process Strategy formulation As discussed earlier strategy has more important influence on structure than reverse. So whenever a firm starts a business it decides about what strategy it wants to follow. Broadly there are four different business strategies that firms follow: Prospector- The primary challenge that these firms face is to identify exploit new opportunities of industry their primary capability is innovation. Analyser- Analysers are fast followers. They closely monitor customer reactions competitor activities either improve upon successful competitor product offerings or offer comparable products at reduced cost. Low cost defenders- These firms usually target stable segments of market. Their main emphasis is on efficiency through standardised practices providing low cost products rather than innovation. Differentiated defenders- These firms also target stable segments of market but their emphasis is on high quality differentiated products rather than low cost. Strategy implementation Organization structure forms a critical implementation dimension. Three important features upon which organization structure is based are formalisation, centralisation, standardisation. Formalization- This is the degree to which decisions working relations are governed by formal rules. Formal rules lower the administrative cost increase efficiency. Firms that have greater number of formal rules regulations are called mechanistic firms with fewer formal rules are called organic. Centralization- This defines the degree to which decision making authority is held by top management. In centralised organizations lines of communication responsibility are clear defined. Decisions are usually made by top management implementation path is clearly defined. This type of structure is followed in relatively stable, non-complex environments. In decentralised organizations views ideas may originate from different groups. Decision making power is dispersed in the organisation. This type of structure is effective in complex environments. Specialization- This defines degree to which tasks and activities are divided in the organization. Specialist firms direct their efforts to a well defined set of activities. Generalist firms on the other hand are more diverse in their activities. Firms following different business strategies usually differ on degree of formalization, centralization specialization of organizational structure. Relationship between Environment, Resources, Strategy and Structure Strategy and structure are dynamically related according to classical model. E= Environment, R=Resource(capabilities) S=Strategy St=Sttructure Ti= Time The nature of the environment (Et1) and the Resources (Rt1) of the organization influence the strategy (St1) chosen at time t1, and in this turn determines the organizational structure (St1). Then the evolution of the environment and/or of the organization brings about a new strategy and a new structure. The dotted lines indicate that very often firms try to meet the environmental and structural demands without realizing that they have implicitly adopted a new strategy. Strategy grows out of structure and in turn may lead to its modification. Source:http___www.emeraldinsight.com_Insight_ViewContentServlet_contentType=ArticleFilename=_published_emeraldfulltextarticle_pdf_0860100201 Burns and Stalker (1961) view structure as a process in itself a means of holding together an organization so that it is able to determine its own destiny. Organizations that operate in dynamically changing and uncertain environments tend to need organic/flexible structures and processes while more stable environments lend themselves to more familiar mechanistic bureaucratic structures. Eccles et al. (1997) list some of the main functions of organizational structure which provide: a formal allocation of work rules; channels for collaborative working; boundaries of authority and lines of communication; a means of allocating power and responsibility; prescriptive levels of formality and complexity. Strategy and Structure Alignment Source: Emerald database Strategy-Structure Alignment An important management responsibility is to design and implement the strategic organizational form best suited to the demands of its marketplace, customers, and business model. Since your competitors essentially have access to the same information and may have developed similar strategies, it is important to consider organizational design as one of your most powerful strategic weapons. Strategy-Structure Alignment follows four phases: Assessment: Data is gathered on strategy, organization and the business environment using interviews, archival research (of planning documents, performance studies, etc), and observations. Data is organized into issue categories and fed back to management in a way that supports validation and learning. Management reaches an agreement on key issues and problems, causal factors and organizational requirements. Design: The design process goes through a series of design steps including scale and leverage assessment, the design of vertical alternatives and lateral processes and structures, impact analysis, etc. Each step is geared to execute strategy and address organization and cultural issues. Alternatives Choice: Changes in organization are based on a selection from among a set of alternatives. Because any organizational structure calls for trade-offs, the alternatives are worked through discussions that focus on the advantages and disadvantages of each, their fit with requirements, and the impact of implementation, etc. Frequently the organizational design that is. The types of problems that can be addressed include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Changes in strategy causing poor alignment with the original organization design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Needing to restructure parts of organization due to competitive pressures, introduction of new technology, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Organizational growth is causing a reexamination of the organization design à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Poor execution and organizational effectiveness The primary objective in Strategy-Structure Alignment is for management to design and decide upon an organizational structure that best supports its strategy and to develop a preliminary transition plan for next steps. The concept of co-alignment If strategy is about realizing a plan, then in implementing it, a suitable means of structuring resources and activities must be found and maintained. Olsen (1993) uses the term co- alignment to describe the best fit relationship between strategy and organizational structure. He observes that without co-alignment between structure, strategy and the environment, organizations may experience difficulty in achieving long-term success. The concept of co-alignment is depicted in Figure. Alignment is a systematic methodology for designing these capabilities in a fully rational and informed way. Strategy-Structure Alignment is strategy-driven and performance-oriented. It begins with a reaffirmation (and sometimes recalibration) of business strategy, explores the implications of that strategy for organizational structure, considers changing conditions in the environment, and through diagnosis identifies organizational problems and performance gaps. A sequential design process generates alternatives for organization design. A preliminary transition plan of a preferred alternative and its alignment then follow. Relationship between Organizational Control, Structure and Strategy There is a close relationship between organizational control, structure and strategy. The organizational control is one of the prime drivers for the organizational change whenever the organization changes its structure. As explained earlier; as organization grows the control of the organization becomes more complex and hence the structure of the organization is changed to cope with the changed environment. Organization structure itself is used as a control mechanism in implementing strategy. For e.g. large diversified firms using cost leadership strategy emphasize financial controls and usually will have some centralized financial reporting mechanism or financial department to exert more control over the cost Single business companies and business units using a differentiation strategy will be emphasizing on strategic control and the mechanisms will be developed accordingly Corporate Level Strategy and Structure Depending on the type of corporate level strategy the organization is following the link between structure and strategy can be compiled as following. Strategy Structure Major features Related Constrained Strategy Co operative structure (M-form) Structural integration, centralized strategic planning, human resource and marketing,RD etc. Cultural emphasis on corporate sharing. Rewards are subjective , tend to follow overall corporate performance and divisional performance Related Linked Strategy Strategic Business Unit (M-form) Structural integration, centralized strategic planning, human resource and marketing, RD etc. Cultural emphasis on corporate sharing. Rewards are subjective , tend to follow overall corporate performance and divisional performance Unrelated Diversification Competitive form (M-form) Small corporate head quarters with Finance and auditing as the most prominent functions. headquarters to manage cash flow and ensure the accuracy of performance data coming from divisions The legal affairs function becomes important when the firm acquires or divests assets Divisions are independent and separate for financial evaluation purposes Divisions retain strategic control, but cash is managed by the corporate office Divisions compete for corporate resources Latest Empirical Studies Strategy and Structure in Context: Universalism versus Institutional Effects Jose I. Galan and Maria J. Sanchez-Bueno Tried to study the Chandlers proposition that large organization evolve in to multi divisional forms as they grow in case of Spain. Spain being a newly developing market and with slowly integrating with EU and world market was studied to test whether the cultural factors has impact on the emergence of structure as organizations globalise and evolve. Their studies corroborated that as organizations evolve its complexity rather than culture that drives the emergence of the structure. Spanish organizations too followed the global trend of emergence of multi divisional structure. The same has been corroborated in case of other countries by Researcher Country Dyas Thanheiser France Whittington Mayer U.K Whittington Mayer Germany Institutional Forms and Organizational Structures: Homology, Trust and Reputational Capital in Professional Service Firms Gerard Hanlon Explores how professional service organizations has used a set of clan and bureaucratic controls to manage the organizational changes; both set of controls being present throughout the life span of an organizations but with varying levels of importance. Previous studies by Ouchi et. al says about the clan structure of professional services ,legal practices and accounting where there is high centrality of decision making and you belonging to that particular group or profession bringing you some privileges. Socialization aspect of clan structure was central to the success of organizations in that particular setup. Clan structure induces homology and trust based partner autonomy. Reputational capital is essential in making large and complex deals . But as the services expanded the need for institutional forms also emerged and institutional controls started taking place. This need for formal interactions and following of norms undermined the clan nature of the services. There is a constant power struggle between the bureaucratic controls and clan /social and informal norms of control in professional organizations. Exploring Strategy and Board Structure in Non-profit Organizations William A Brown Joel O Inverson Applying Miles and Snow typology of strategy Brown and Inverson tries to understand the structure of the organizations of the various non-profit organizations in U.S. Their key findings are Prospectors : have broader inclusive structure Defenders : have tighter more focused structure Environmental Turbulence, Organizational Stability, and Public Service Performance George A Boyne Kenneth J Meier A turbulent external environment is widely believed to have damaging effects on public service performance. Much less consensus has been reached on whether the best response to turbulence is to retain or alter existing organizational structures. They analysed these issues by testing the links between turbulence, structural stability, and performance in a large sample of public organizations. Results show that turbulence has a negative effect on performance, and that this is compounded by internal organizational change. Thus public managers can mitigate the harmful effects of volatility in the external environment by maintaining structural stability. Emerging trends in organisation structure By the end of 20th centaury trend of large organizations was over. The environment in which firms were operating changed to great extent. The factors that are responsible in todays environment are entirely different from traditional factors. Due to change in factors responsible for success of organizations, organizations are changing their structure. Major factors that have contributed to this change are: Globalisation Due to changes in technology changes in international trade laws, more more companies are competing in more more number of markets. This has increased both the opportunities threats present in external environment. Change in Technology Technology is evolving at a very fast rate organizations have to constantly adapt to this change. Technological change has the biggest impact on organizations among all the factors. Internet as a technology has provided a new distribution marketing channel which has led to a change in the way organizations compete. Information technology has also changed the internal working process of organizations. Technologies like ERP, SAP Oracle have facilitated the information flow in the organizations which in turn has changed the way organizations work. Einsteins famous formula has been modified in modern days of technological advancement. E = MC2 M is the Mastery of each individual (human capital). C are the Connections that join individuals into a community (social capital). C is the Communication that flows through those Connections. E is the resulting Effectiveness of the team or organization According to a paper Do Org Charts Still Matter? by Thornton A May organizations are a combination of responsibilities, accountabilities, knowledge, process, interactions future. Organization charts depict only first element of organization i.e. responsibilities accountabilities. All other elements of organization are missing from the organization charts. Informal organizations that are existing because of web based interactions are not shown in these charts. Constant change As competition is increasing day by day so organisations cant depend on what they do today to be successful tomorrow. Environment in which industries are competing is also very uncertain dynamic. This uncertainty demands structural flexibility. Technological change is one of the factors that are leading to environment change. As no company is confined to geographic boundaries so this has increased exposure to different emerging markets side by side it has also increased the competition from different players entering into the market. So companies have to adapt themselves to ever changing demands of consumer markets. Mergers acquisitions In recent years many mergers acquisitions happened in global economy. When two organisations combine it is mandatory that organisation structure provided by the management should be conducive to culture of both the organizations. Most of the failures in case of mergers acquisitions are due to cultural clash. Diversity in the workforce People from diverse backgrounds in terms of geographies cultures are working in organizations. So organization structure should be such that it increases the productivity, improve morale, heighten creativity and enhance decision-making power among the employees. Emerging organisation structure trends Because of above mentioned factors the structure of many companies has become flatter, less hierarchical, more fluid and even virtual. Increasing use of IT enabled conventional organization structures to transform into more fluid form. Few of the emerging trends in organisation structure are: Teams This is the new trend of organization structure. Entire organization may work as a team or it may be a combination of few teams which coordinate with each other. Xerox, Motorola are among the few companies that follow team organization structure. Network Network structure is also an emerging trend in organization structure. The main reason for using this type of organization structure is that firms outsource the tasks activities to other firms that can perform those tasks in a better cost effective way. Success of this type of structure depends upon the coordination control of external relations. Structural flexibility is one of the major success criteria for this type of organization structure. Partnership alliances As competition is increasing in the economy so firms realise that it is very difficult to survive in this highly competitive environment alone. So firms go for partnership alliances with other firms to diversify the risk. Virtual organizations This is the most radical form of organization structure. It is also called as boundary-less organization. This means while the core of the organization can be small but still the company can operate globally be a market leader in its niche. Because of the unlimited shelf space of the Web, the cost of reaching niche goods is falling dramatically. The success of this type of structure depends on information technology. Self organised communities The structure followed by latest web 2.0 technologies is self organised communities. In this case the job of top management is just to maintain the motivation level of employees to participate in the community. The TATA Group Introduction: Activities of the Organization The Tata Group is a multinational company with its head-quarter located in Mumbai, India. The Tata Group is one of the largest private employers in India employing more than 350000 employees. Tata companies operate in seven business sectors: communications and information technology, engineering, materials, services, energy, consumer products and chemicals. Every Tata company or enterprise operates independently. Each of these companies has its own board of directors and shareholders, to whom it is answerable. There are 28 publicly listed Tata enterprises and they have a combined market capitalization of some $60 billion, and a shareholder base of 3.5 million. The major Tata companies are Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, Tata Tea, Indian Hotels and Tata Communications. Tata Steel became the sixth largest steel maker in the world after it acquired Corus. Tata Motors is among the top five commercial vehicle manufacturers in the world and has recently acquired Jaguar and Land Rover. TCS is a leading global software company, with delivery centers in the US, UK, Hungary, Brazil, Uruguay and China, besides India. Tata Tea is the second largest branded tea company in the world, through its UK-based subsidiary Tetley. Tata Chemicals is the worlds second largest manufacturer of soda ash and Tata Communications is one of the worlds largest wholesale voice carriers. Rationale for selection Tata, with its long history, is synonymous with the Indian economy. Its growth has been a prime index to be watched for gauging Indias growth. With a history of over 100 years, Tata has grown leaps and bounds by diversifying into different businesses. These businesses are so diversified and different that it presents us an opportunity to draw contrast between the different kinds of structures adopted in these businesses. Tatas solid presence in major industries like Automobiles (Tata Motors), Steel Industry (Tata Steel), IT Industry (TCS), Hospitality Industry (Taj Hotels) and many others is evident of their successful strategy formulation and implementation. All these businesses are driven by a single level corporate level strategy. Also with the increasing globalisation there is an increased pressure on the Tata group companies to expand their operations beyond the nations boundaries. There has been the realization for the same and the Tatas have been proactive in sensing and capturing the internationalization opportunities. The widely known Corus acquisition by Tata Steel, the TCS foray into international markets, Tata Teas acquisition of U.K based Tetley tea have helped Tata to establish the brand Tata in the international arena. This has not been an independent event. In fact these steps have had serious implications to the structure of the organization. The study of Tata aims at obtaining insights into the impact of strategy change (diversification, internationalization) on the structure of the organization as a whole (reconstructionist approach). Also the impact of structural change on the firms strategy (structuralist approach) could effectively be studied with respect to Tata given its long history. So the Tata group presented an exciting opportunity to draw the relationship between strategy and structure of an organization. TAJ Hotels Resorts and Palaces The Indian Hotels Company (IHCL) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, which is recognized as one of Asias largest and finest hotel companies. Incorporated by the founder of the Tata group, Jamsetji Tata, the company opened its first property, the Taj Mahal Palace hotel, Bombay in 1903. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces comprises 64 hotels in 45 locations across India with an additional 15 international hotels. Areas of Business Luxury Premium Mid-Market Value Vivanta Ginger Gateway Taj IHCL operates in the luxury, premium, mid-market and value segments of the market In addition, IHCL has Taj Exotica (resort and spa brand found in the most exotic and relaxing locales of the world ) and Taj Safari (wildlife lodges that allow travelers to experience the unparalleled beauty of the Indian jungle amidst luxurious surroundings) which provide services to different segments of the market. With its diversification strategy revolving both around products and markets, the Taj Group of Hotels follow Cooperative Form of Multidivisional Structure to implement its Related Constrained Strategy of diversification. In this Cooperative Form of Multidivisional Structure, IHCL uses Structural Integration devices to create tight links among all divisions. The Corporate Office located in Mumbai emphasizes centralized strategic planning, human resources, and marketing to foster cooperation between divisions. IHCL has a well laid out procedures for working and conduct of business. These governance mechanisms are clear and unambiguous. Everyone in the company is expected to follow the procedures followed in the company and anyone found violating them is questioned for the breach and suitable action is taken. The TATA Code of Conduct governs all the policies, procedures and behaviors desired from its associates across all its Hotels. There is more of formalization as most of these policies and norms are written down. The customer also feels at home when he is familiar with the brand and its level of commitment and service, making it the customers first choice at any location where its available. It also helps the company control the costs as there is a high degree of standardization of products and services. The transaction costs are also lower since most of the duties are well defined and less reason for conflict within organization. The culture of the IHCL emphasizes cooperative sharing. All the divisions and subsidiaries of IHCL share the corporate strengths of IHCL. The TATA/Taj Brand provides the trust from its customers to all its subsidiary units. Also, sharing divisional competencies facilitates the IHCLs effort to develop economies of scope which is very well achieved by its multidivisional structure. Sometimes temporary teams or task forces are formed around certain projects/events which is facilitated by sharing competencies that are embedded within several divisions. So, to align its structure with its Related Linked Strategy of Diversification, the IHCL has developed a matrix kind of organization from the multidivisional structure. Here, as can be seen in the figure below there is a dual structure combining both functional specialization and business product specialization. So, measuring the organizational structure of IHCL on the dimensions of Formalization, Centralization, and Specialization we have: Tata Steel The Tata Steel division is the oldest business unit under the Tata group. Established in 1907, Tata Steel has evolved over the years to become an extremely competitive steel manufacturer. Evolution of the Strategy and Structure During the pre liberalization period (before 1991), Tata Steel faced a low levels of competition. SAIL was the only major competitor. The period was also reflective of the following: quantitative restrictions (license raj) on the levels of production, the control over the price and the selection of customers. The tight regulatory nature of the government bodies over the manufacturing units had implications over the strategy of the firm. The main aim of the unit was to meet the levels of production as set by the government and there was no motive to increase productivity/efficiency or reduce the cost. Thus the firm had a centralized structure. The various functions

Social Concerns in the poems of Kamala Das Essay -- essays research pa

" He ( the poet) is responsible for humanity, even for the animals, he must see to it that his invention can be smelt, felt, heard." ( Arthur Rimbaud) From the queen of erotica to a poetic pilgrim, the critical nexus on Kamala Das?s poetry has oscillated between opposite poles. These varied critical stances reflect that the genius of the poet refuses to be strait-jacketed into a uniform notion. In this paper, I will attempt to reveal the social issues that imbue the oeuvre of her poetry. Kamala Das in her much discussed autobiography, My Story , pointed out: ? A poet?s raw material is not stone or clay, it is her personality.?1 In direct contradiction to Eliot?s theory of poetic creation, Mrs. Das asserts that her poetry is subjective and through it she voices forth her strains and stresses. This, however, does not imply a selfish preoccupation with the self but a melioristic vision that is shocked and disgusted at the plight of fellow mortals. Her sensitive soul is deeply affected by the maladies that lie deeply ingrained in the social matrix. In the poem Afterwards -- no intertextuality with Hardy?s poem -- written when the poet was in her teens, she questions the notions of scientific progress that has ushered the nuclear holocaust: ? Son of my womb, Ugly ... ... Works cited 1. Kamala Das-- My Story, DC Books, Kottayam, Aug. 2004. 2. Kamala Das-- Summer in Calcutta, DC Books, Kottayam, Nov.2004. 3. Kamala Das-- The Descendants, Writers? Workshop, Calcutta, 1991. 4. Kamala Das-- The Descendants, Writers? Workshop, Calcutta, 1991. 5. Kamala Das-- Collected Poems, Vol. I, Navkerala Printers, Trivandrum, 1984. 6. Al Harmony Vol.6, July-Sept,2005. 7. Anthony Perera-- ?Love India, love Sri Lanka?, Sunday Observer, April 29, 1984. 8. Kamala Das-- The Old Playhouse and Other Poems, Orient Longman, 1973. 9. Kamala Das-- Only the Soul Knows How to Sing, DC Books, Kottayam, 1999. 10.Kamala Das-- Only the Soul Knows How to Sing, DC Books, Kottayam, 1999. 11. Presented to the author by the poet as a manuscript.

Vitamin C and Scurvy

Scurvy (N. Lat. scorbutus) is a deficiency disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C, which is required for correct collagen synthesis in humans. The scientific name of vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is derived from the Latin name of scurvy, scorbutus. Scurvy leads to the formation of liver spots on the skin, spongy gums, and bleeding from all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale, feels depressed, and is partially immobilized. In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth. Scurvy was at one time common among sailors, pirates and others who were on ships that were out to sea longer than perishable fruits and vegetables could be stored and by soldiers who were similarly separated from these foods for extended periods. Scurvy treatment using Indian Gooseberry The Indian gooseberry is one of the most effective home remedies for scurvy. It is the richest source of vitamin C. Dry amla should be powdered with an equal quantity of sugar. This powder should be given in doses of one teaspoon, three times daily, with milk Scurvy treatment using Lime and Lemon The use of lime and lemon is highly beneficial in the prevention and treatment of scurvy. Being rich sources of vitamin C, lime and lemon are regarded as foods of exceptional therapeutic value. They have saved the lives of innumerable crews of ocean-going vessels from scurvy. The juice of one lime or lemon mixed in a glass of water, with a teaspoon of honey, should be taken for treating this condition Scurvy treatment using Potato Potato is regarded as an excellent food remedy for scurvy. It contains up to 17 mg of vitamin C, can be found in 100 mg of potatoes. It has been noted that scurvy in Europe has become more and more uncommon with the progress of potato cultivation and it makes its appearance only when the crop fails Prevention Scurvy can be prevented by a diet that includes certain citrus fruits such as oranges or lemons. Other good sources of vitamin C are fruits such as blackcurrants, guava, kiwi, papaya, tomatoes and strawberries. It can also be found in some vegetables, such as bell peppers, broccoli, potatoes, cabbage, spinach and paprika, as well as some pickled vegetables. Though redundant in the presence of a balanced diet, various nutritional supplements are available that provide ascorbic acid well in excess of that required to prevent scurvy,[10] and even some candies contain vitamin C.

The Usage of Cocaine is Immoral - 1940 Words

The Usage of Cocaine is Immoral In the chapter Against the Legalization of Drugs by James Q. Wilson, he states that â€Å"tobacco shortens one’s life, cocaine debases it† (LaFollette, 2010: 333) as a result cocaine, as opposed to tobacco is morally wrong. Throughout this paper I will be discussing the many different effects and experiences of using illicit drugs. I will go into details of the harm it imposes towards others such as their partners, family and friends and how the society and community are affected as well. I will especially address the physical and emotional harm done to oneself and how the quality of life begins deteriorated. Overall I will be taking the stand with Wilson, expressing why I agree that using cocaine is indeed†¦show more content†¦In our society we have a moral duty to avoid harming others but with the usage of illicit drugs such as cocaine, social relations and society damages are merely inevitable. Therefore the State may begin to regulated and place bans on spe cific drugs under the purpose to protect its people. Illicit drugs can cause many unlimited types harms towards others such as conflicts. An example is in a home where there is a drug user, issues with their partners, with other family members and friends can quickly develop and escalate. Drugs can interfere with relationship by putting their addiction first instead of their partners. This can result to many disagreements, emotional or physical confrontations and can cause partnerships to grow apart or even to separate. To have a family member that is using drugs, can force the members of the family to experience feelings of helplessness, concern, fear, or terror, failure, and stress. As of friends, they can be discourage to hang out with the drug users as they may be bad influences, too aggressive or depress towards them or they may be scared of who they have become. 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